IMO, the plants and weather are a better gauges of the year. When the leaves are green and it's hot, it's Summer. When the leaves turn yellow and orange and it's cool, it's Fall. When the leave fall off and it's cold, it's Winter. When the trees get buds on them and it's cool, it's early Spring. When new leaves pop out and it's warmer, it's late Spring. When the Blackberries are ripe , it's June. When the Mulberries are ripe, it's Sept, When the citrus is ripe, it's Feb.
time of day is definitely the sun in the sky. Cloudy day? Your internal clock, hungry stomach is a good gauge.