We backcountry hike and camp quite a bit, and I feel that in addition to the shelter-making and water-seeking already mentioned, orientation skills are right up there among, if not topping the list of the most important of skills for them to acquire and get a good grasp of.
Even if you never camp, or expect to spend time in the wild, please teach your kids orientation, and equally important, what to do if they cannot get their bearings. This is a vital skill set.
I have always kept quality reading materials for the kids. Fortunately for me and my daughters, my son (at 13) is quite the manly type and enjoys hunting, skinning, sausage-making, etc. I honestly don't know what we'd do if he didn't, lots of veggies, fish and eggs I presume. I've relied heavily on books to teach him, as butchering just turns my stomach, and I've never done it well.
A story to share:
We once lived in a small cabin on a river in Kings Canyon Nat'l Forest, CA. Our back door opened to a huge rock patio. Each morning the rattlers would converge on the steps there to soak in the morning sun. When we first moved there, this just terrified me, as the children were still quite young. Since I was a single mom, I dealt with it. As morning ritual, I'd have some coffee, throw on my boots and grab the shovel. My job wasn't done until each one of the little bastards were beheaded.
About 2-3 weeks ago, some 8-10 years later and a thousand+ miles from that cabin, my daughter comes running into the garage, grabs the shovel and takes off.. WHOA there I say, what are you doing? Oh! her reply, we found a BIG snake!
Moral: Just be careful, that by example, you don't lead them to too much confidence in their ability to deal with things better left done by their parents [for now].