It’s extremely hard to know how the technological development will progress.
Peak Oil is a much debated subject and how this will play out will only be clear in a retrospective. No one knows. It’s only more or less educated guesswork. The main problem as I see it is that economical growth and growth of the population has been the truth for almost 200 years and is something that affects all ideologies and political perspectives. It will be extremely hard to get this question on the agenda. This contradicts everything we know and expect.
Is it possible that technology will find solutions? Yes.
Is it possible that we will not find any solution that can provide the energy we are use to have from oil, gas and coal? Yes.
The main problem as I see is ideological: We may sooner and later have to adjust to a world where resources and energy is not as widely accessible as today. Capitalism, Communism, Socialism, Left, Right, Democrat, Republican or whatever you wish to call it is focused on the world as it has been for a long time. Even if the proof of trouble will exist they may not be able to understand this from the circumstances that may emerge.
Article about Peak Oil:
http://sibitotique.blogspot.com/2010/07/peak-oil.html
Article about The Limits to Growth:
http://sibitotique.blogspot.com/2010/12/limits-to-growth.html
Movie about the subject that I highly recommend: