I have used tide traps with huge success along the coasts of the St-Lawrence River's gulf. You simply dig a big pit at low tide, use the dirt to make a barrier around the pit, use some sticks and branches to create something like a fence around and keep an easy-in, hard-out entry point. With some bugs and other baits, fish will get in when tide is high and will be trapped when tide gets low.
You can catch catfish in small ponds and shallow rivers using a similar trick at night. Dig a trap/hole, use a small fire stick as a light source on the nearby shore then walk in the water with a branch in hand. When you feel activity near the pit, use the branch to scare the fish into the pit trap!
I have also heard from natives that you can use a simple branch from a young tree to make a rod, line and hook all-in-one. There's a trick to split the wood in a certain way to make that. Some apparently catch big pike using a frog as a bait on those contraptions. I have yet to try it with positive results...